Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Training on Shooting Performance among BOA SORTE FC Futsal Players

Luca Gabriel Guterres

doi:10.66968/apzsbj59

Authors

Luca Gabriel Guterres Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Timor Leste Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66968/apzsbj59

Keywords:

Virtual Reality; Futsal, Futsal, Shooting Performance, Motor Learning, Perceptual Training, Decision Making

Abstract

Background: Futsal is characterized by high-intensity intermittent actions requiring rapid perception, decision-making, technical precision, and shooting accuracy. Conventional shooting training improves technical execution but often lacks the perceptual and cognitive demands experienced during competitive matches. Virtual Reality (VR)-based training has emerged as an innovative training modality capable of providing immersive and representative learning environments that integrate perceptual, cognitive, and motor components simultaneously.. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an eight-week Virtual Reality-based training program on shooting performance among BOA SORTE FC futsal players from Timor-Leste. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed involving twenty-four male futsal players from BOA SORTE FC (age 18–24 years). Participants were allocated into a Virtual Reality Training Group (n = 12) and a Conventional Training Group (n = 12). Both groups completed three training sessions per week for eight weeks. The VR group performed immersive shooting simulations using VR technology integrated with decision-making tasks, whereas the control group received conventional shooting drills. Shooting accuracy, ball velocity, shooting reaction time, and shooting success percentage were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests, independent t-tests, ANCOVA, and Cohen's d effect size with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Players receiving Virtual Reality-based training demonstrated significantly greater improvements in shooting accuracy, shooting success percentage, reaction time, and ball velocity compared with the conventional training group (p < 0.05). The largest improvement was observed in shooting accuracy (Cohen's d > 1.20), indicating a large practical effect. Conclusion: Virtual Reality-based training is an effective complementary training strategy for improving shooting performance in competitive futsal players. Integrating immersive perceptual-cognitive practice with conventional technical training provides superior improvements compared with conventional training alone.

References

Ali, A. (2011). Measuring soccer skill performance: a review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(2), 170–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01256.x

Aprilianto, M. V., & Fahrizqi, E. B. (2020). Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Anggota Ukm Futsal Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. Journal Of Physical Education, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33365/joupe.v1i1.122

Bergmann, F., Meier, C., & Braksiek, M. (2022). Involvement and performance of U9 soccer players in 7v7 and 5v5 matches during competition. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 52(1), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00752-4

Budiman, Rusmana, R., & Hardin, D. B. (2021). Coaching Clinic Pelatih Futsal. Jurnal Aksara Raga, 3(1), 47–49.

Clemente, F. M., Sarmento, H., Costa, I. T., Enes, A. R., & Lima, R. (2019). Variability of technical actions during small-sided games in young soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 69(1), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0013

Febri, S., Komaini, A., & Gemaini, A. (2020). Modifikasi Cabang Olahraga Futsal Menjadi Futsal Mini Three On Three. Stamina, 3(September), 1–13.

Festiawan, R., Kusuma, I. J., Hidayat, R., & Ngadiman, N. (2024). Meningkatkan ketepatan passing futsal: Mengeksplorasi dampak metode latihan passing pasif dan aktif. Sepakbola, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33292/sepakbola.v4i1.277

Hidayat, I. I., & Rusdiana, A. (2018). Analisis Biomekanik Tendangan Shooting pada Atlet Futsal Putra UKM Futsal Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Jurnal Sains Keolahragaan & Kesehatan, 3, 35–39. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futsal

Ishak, M., Hasmarita, S., , S., & Anugrah, C. S. (2022). Tingkat Keterampilan Dasar Bermain Futsal Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Futsal Di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Holistic Journal of Sport Education, 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.52434/hjse.v2i1.2362

Kokstejn, J., & Musalek, M. (2019). The relationship between fundamental motor skills and game specific skills in elite young soccer players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 249–254. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s1037

Kokstejn, J., Musalek, M., Wolanski, P., Murawska-Cialowicz, E., & Stastny, P. (2019a). Fundamental motor skills mediate the relationship between physical fitness and soccer-specific motor skills in young soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00596

Kokstejn, J., Musalek, M., Wolanski, P., Murawska-Cialowicz, E., & Stastny, P. (2019b). Fundamental motor skills mediate the relationship between physical fitness and soccer-specific motor skills in young soccer players. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00596

Lesinski, M., Prieske, O., Helm, N., & Granacher, U. (2017). Effects of Soccer Training on Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness during a Soccer Season in Female Elite Young Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Physiology, Volume 8-2017. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.01093

Mappaompo, M. A., Aprilo, I., Arfanda, P. E., & Arga, A. (2024). Shooting Accuracy of Sports Coaching Education Students: Goaling Game Practice. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 3(3), 204–210.

Mashud, M., Hamid, A., & Abdillah, S. (2019). Pengaruh Komponen Fisik Dominan Olahraga Futsal Terhadap Teknik Dasar Permainan Futsal. Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 10(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.21009/gjik.101.04

Putro, A. B., & Widodo, A. (2020). Analisis Tingkat Pemahaman Peraturan Permainan Futsal Para Pelatih Futsal Di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga, 08(03), 139–146.

Rahman, F. J. (2018). Peningkatan Daya Tahan, Kelincahan, dan Kecepatan pada Pemain Futsal: Studi Eksperimen Metode Circuit Training. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 4(2), 264. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v4i2.12466

Shan, G., & Zhang, X. (2022). Soccer Scoring Techniques—A Biomechanical Re-Conception of Time and Space for Innovations in Soccer Research and Coaching. Bioengineering, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080333