The Effect of Lead-Up Games Based on Performance-Simulated Situations on Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence and the Learning of Selected Basic Soccer Skills among Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66968/IJESSR.3j8y7r52Keywords:
warm-up games; performance-like situations; kinesthetic intelligence; basic skills; soccerAbstract
Backgroud: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lead-up games based on performance-simulated situations on the development of bodily–kinesthetic intelligence and the learning of selected basic soccer skills among seventh-grade students.
Methods: The researcher employed an experimental approach using a two-group design (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests. The study population consisted of 157 students, and a final sample of 50 students was selected from Ibn al-Mu’tam Middle School in Tikrit, with 25 students in each group. The experimental group underwent a six-week instructional program based on performance-like preparatory games, consisting of two instructional units per week for a total of 12 instructional units, with 12 minutes allocated to practical activities in each unit, for a total of 144 minutes of actual exposure, while the control group learned the same skills using the conventional method. The study employed a kinesthetic-motor intelligence scale consisting of 24 items distributed across three dimensions, along with soccer dribbling, handling, and stopping tests.
Results: The results showed equivalence between the two groups in the pre-test, followed by a statistically significant improvement in all variables for the experimental group; the mean physical-motor intelligence score increased from (56.68±6.27) to (64.48±6.58), rolling time decreased from (31.81 ± 2.17) to (29.62 ± 2.35) seconds, the average dribbling score increased from (2.36 ± 0.81) to (3.88 ± 0.93), and the stopping distance from (2.52 ± 0.92) to (4.40 ± 1.19); all differences were statistically significant at (p < .001). The post hoc comparison also showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on all variables.
Conclusions: The study concludes that performance-like preparatory games represent a suitable teaching method for developing kinesthetic-motor intelligence and improving the learning of basic soccer skills among middle school students.
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